Comparison of foodborne disease outbreaks data in China and the United States from 2011 to 2017 and its inspiration for the construction of monitoring system in China

The history of the establishment of foodborne disease outbreak monitoring system in the United States was introduced and the surveillance data of foodborne disease outbreaks in the United States from 2011 to 2017 were analyzed and compared with that in China. It was found that there were obvious differences in the characteristics of surveillance data of foodborne disease outbreaks between China and the United States in the same period, and microbial pathogenic factors were the main cause of foodborne disease outbreaks. Facing the challenges of global trade integration and post epidemic era of COVID-19,China's foodborne disease outbreak monitoring system should accelerate the use of new technologies to improve the ability of identification and early warning, and foodborne disease outbreak data results should further play the technical support role in the formulation of relevant food safety management measures in China.

Virome analysis provides new insights into the association between viruses and Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a kind of neurodegenerative disease that causes a huge burden to society. Previous studies have suggested the association between PD and multiple viruses. However, there is still a lack of a virome study about PD. This study systematically identified viruses from the public RNA-sequencing data of more than 700 samples from both PD patients and the control group (most were healthy people). Only nine viruses such as human betaherpesvirus 5 and Merkel cell polyomavirus have been detected in several human brain tissues of the central nervous system, the appendix, and blood of PD patients, and all of these viruses were also detected in the control group. Most viruses were observed to have low abundance in no more than three tissues. No statistically significant differences were observed between the virus abundance in the PD patients and the control group for all viruses. The positive rates of most viruses in PD patients were higher or similar to that in the control group, although those were less than 5% for most viruses. Overall, this is the first study to systematically investigate the virome in PD patients, and provides new insights into the association between viruses and PD.

Kidney health in the COVID-19 pandemic: An umbrella review of meta-analyses and systematic reviews.

Background: This umbrella review aims to consolidate evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses investigating the impact of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) on kidney health, and the associations between kidney diseases and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Methods: Five databases, namely, EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Ovid Medline, were searched for meta-analyses and systematic reviews from January 1, 2020 to June 2, 2022. Two reviewers independently selected reviews, identified reviews for inclusion and extracted data. Disagreements were resolved by group discussions. Two reviewers independently assessed the methodological quality of all included reviews using ROBIS tool. A narrative synthesis was conducted. The characteristics and major findings of the included reviews are presented using tables and forest plots. The included meta-analyses were updated when necessary. The review protocol was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021266300). Results: A total of 103 reviews were identified. Using ROBIS, 30 reviews were rated as low risk of bias. Data from these 30 reviews were included in the narrative synthesis. Ten meta-analyses were updated by incorporating 119 newly available cohort studies. Hospitalized COVID-19 patients had a notable acute kidney injury (AKI) incidence of 27.17%. AKI was significantly associated with mortality (pooled OR: 5.24) and severe conditions in COVID-19 patients (OR: 14.94). The pooled prevalence of CKD in COVID-19 patients was 5.7%. Pre-existing CKD was associated with a higher risk of death (pooled OR: 2.21) and disease severity (pooled OR: 1.87). Kidney transplant recipients were susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection (incidence: 23 per 10,000 person-weeks) with a pooled mortality of 18%. Conclusion: Kidney disease such as CKD or recipients of kidney transplants were at increased risk of contracting COVID-19. Persons with COVID-19 also had a notable AKI incidence. AKI, the need for RRT, pre-existing CKD and a history of kidney transplantation are associated with adverse outcomes in COVID-19. Systematic review registration: www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021266300, identifier: CRD42021266300.

The Complex Media Effects on Civic Participation Intention Amid COVID-19 Pandemic: Empirical Evidence from Wuhan College Students.

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, media exposure is crucial to motivate public action for the combat with COVID-19 pandemic. However, media effects on civic participation intention are understudied. This study applied the Differential Susceptibility to Media effects Model (DSMM) to explore the relations among Wuhan college students' media use, their pandemic-relevant beliefs, and civic participation intention, with a focus on the possible mediation of pandemic-relevant beliefs. Data of 4355 students from a large-scale cross-sectional survey were analyzed. Results show that traditional media use and online media interaction both directly and indirectly affect civic participation intention via pandemic-relevant beliefs. Pandemic-relevant beliefs distort the relations that direct and indirect effects of new media use on civic participation intention are significant but in opposite directions. The influence of pandemic news on civic participation intention is entirely mediated by pandemic-relevant beliefs. To conclude, during pandemic, the role of traditional media use is unreplaceable in its direct and indirect impact on civic participation intention. Pandemic-relevant beliefs play as a distorter variable. The balance between overexposure and insufficiency of pandemic-relevant news is vital. Online media interaction, as a main trait of new media use, plays a crucial role in civic participation intention, directly and indirectly.

Trauma exposure and the ptsd symptoms of college teachers during the peak of the covid-19 outbreak

This study aimed to explore influencing factors for the psychological impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on Wuhan college teachers, posttraumatic stress symptoms in particular, so as to inform evidence-based strategy development to ameliorate such adverse impacts. An online survey was conducted from 26 to 29 April 2020, and 1650 teachers (47.54% male;M = 40.28 years, SD = 8.3 years) enrolled in Wuhan universities and colleges participated. The results showed that the overall incidence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among college teachers was as high as 24.55%, but the average level of PTSD score was low (M = 1.06, SD = 0.72). Logistic regression analysis showed that for those with confirmed COVID-19, the ratio was much higher, up to 2.814 (95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.542, 5.136], p < 0.001);that is, compared with those without symptoms, the ratio of PTSD increased by 181%. For those who had family members or relatives who died of COVID-19, the ratio was 5.592 (95% CI: [2.271, 13.766], p < 0.001), 459% higher than those who had no one who died. But the living places during the pandemic had no significant effect on PTSD. The findings suggest that mental health services reducing PTSD should be provided. Teachers who confirmed COVID-19 or lost loved ones to COVID-19 should be given particular care. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)

Who Got Infected with COVID-19? A Study of College Students in Wuhan (China).

College students represent a large group of people who frequently travel across regions, which increased their risk of infection and exacerbated the risk of COVID-19 spread throughout China. This study uses survey data from the end of April 2020 to analyze the status of COVID-19-infected cases, the group differences, and influencing factors in college students in Wuhan. The sample size was made up 4355 participants, including 70 COVID-19-infected students. We found that during the COVID-19 outbreak in early 2020, college students in Wuhan were primarily infected during off-campus events after winter break or infected in their hometowns after leaving Wuhan; the percentage of college students with severe cases was relatively low, and most had mild cases; however, a large proportion of asymptomatic cases may exist; there were significant group differences in gender, age and place of residence; and the risk of infection was closely related to the campus environment, in which the population density and number of faculty and students on campus had a significant impact. The results indicated that the infection of students did not occur at random, thus strengthening student health education and campus management can help curb the spread of COVID-19 among students.

COVID-19 Stress and Mental Health of Students in Locked-Down Colleges.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of students in locked-down colleges remains obscure. This study aimed to explore influencing factors for the psychological impact of COVID-19 on Wuhan college students, post-traumatic stress symptoms in particular, so as to inform evidence-based strategy development to ameliorate such adverse impacts. An online survey was conducted from 26 to 29 April 2020, and 4355 students enrolled in Wuhan universities and colleges participated. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder via the Impact of Event-Scale-Revised was assessed. COVID-19 disproportionately affected older male Master's and doctoral students living in Wuhan. The overall prevalence of PTSD was 16.3%. The three-level socio-interpersonal model of PTSD was empirically validated, and college students faced individual level risks such as infection with COVID-19, close relationship level risks such as family support (infection suspicion of family members, the loss of loved ones, and the family income decrease) and online course difficulties (little interaction, disturbing learning environment, and difficulty in adaption), and distant level risks such as excessive collection of personal information, estrangement of family relatives, and harassment and insult from strangers. The findings suggest the severity of the psychological impact of COVID-19. Mental health services reducing PTSD should be provided. Students who have lost loved ones and suffered family financial loss should be given particular care.